Game apparatus



A ril 17, 1962 Filed July 22, 1958 W. W. S. SCHARP GAME APPARATUS 3Sheets-Sheet 2 i8 I 52 (Q 4 444 52 50 A 52 7 2; 54 fi/ 50 a? 50 W J 22JZQ 50 F I nun 0 O 0 O O O O O O O O nu". um. A

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O O 0 O O O O O 0 O 0 O O O 6 O O O O 0 O O O O 9 O O O O INVENTORWESM-Y M 5'- Sc/MPP BY 24W pawn dam A'FTORNEY S W. W. S. SCHARP I GAMEAPPARATUS April 17, 1962 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed July 22, 1958 INVENTCR11 h FSLEY M S. Say/42 ATTORNEYS United States Patent 3,030,112 GAMEAPPARATUS Wesley W. S. Scharp, P.0. Box 200, Nassau Point, Cutchogue,N.Y. Filed July 22, 1958, Ser. No. 750,214 10 Claims. (Cl. 273-136) Thisinvention relates to game apparatus, and in particular apparatus adaptedfor use in playing any one of a number of challenging games by one ormore persons.

It is the principal object of this invention to provide game apparatusto be used by one or more players, adults or children, and adapted foruse in playing a multitude of different games based upon selections madeby the players from any one or more of a very large number of availablepaths of play.

It is a further object of the instant invention to provide port-ablegame apparatus characterized by being simple with respect to manufactureand use, and serving as the basis for numerous games of challengefounded upon area selections made by one or more of the players.

In furtherance of the aforesaid objects, it is a further object of theinstant invention to provide game apparatus in the form of a rightrectangular pyramid made up of stacked platforms, certain of which areturnable, so as to provide a multitude of playable paths to be selectedby one or more players in playing out any one of numerous games, andwherein the apparatus in modified form may be further simplified bybeing set out on stacked flat boards or a single fiat board or on arevolvable flat playing area turnable on a convenient frame.

Further objects and advantages will become apparent from the followingdescription of the invention taken in conjunction with the figures, inwhich:

FIG. 1 is a plan view looking down onto the top of the game apparatusembodying the invention in the form of a right rectangular pyramid;

FIG. 2 is a side elevation of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a sectional and elevational view of said apparatus taken alongline 3-3 in FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a sectional and plan view taken along line 44 of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a fragmentary and top plan view of a modified embodiment ofthe game apparatus wherein the play areas thereof are set out on a flatboard;

FIG. 6 is a fragmentary and sectional elevation taken along line 66 ofFIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a top plan view of a further embodiment of the game apparatuswherein a turnable triangular board constitutes the play area;

FIG. 8 is a side elevation of the apparatus shown in FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 is an exploded perspective view of the invention in anotherembodiment;

FIG. 10 is a side elevation of the embodiment of FIG. 9 afterassemblage; and

FIG. 11 is a fragmentary section taken along line 1111 of FIG. 10.

Reference is now made to the figures and in particular FIGS. 1, 2 and 3.In its preferred embodiment, the basic structure of the game apparatuscom-prises a right rectangular stepped pyramid 20. Stepped pyramid 20 ismade up of six substantially square platforms 21 to 26 and a squaredbase pyramid 27 mounted on the top of the sixth platform 26. Thevertical height of each platform is preferably the same, whereas thesquare area of each platform is proportionately reduced in size suchthat each platform when stacked one on top of the other defines step-s22 to 33. The formed steps 28 to 33 are preferably all of equal area insetback. The periphery of the base of pyramid 27 is dimensioned tomaintain 3,939,112 Patented Apr. 17, 1962 the stepped formation.Triangulary shaped thin. fins 34 to 39 extend integrally from the fourcorners of each platform 21 to 26. Fins 34 to 39 are oriented so thatthe triangular surface areas thereof are substantially coplanar wtihdiagonal lines along the top faces of platforms 21 to 26. The sixplatforms 21 to 26 equipped with fins 3439 and top mounted pyramid 27,mounted one on top of each other as illustrated in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 formthe stepped right rectangular pyramid 20, wherein the fins are alignedalong a straight line extending from the corners of bottom platform 21to the corner edges of top pyramid 27 so as to form four separateplaying areas a, b, c, and d.

The formed playing areas may be identified by markings or symbols a, b,c, and d. If desired, each of the symbols a, b, c, and d may be printedon a correlated vertical wall of platform 21, as illustrated in FIG. 2;or the play areas can be distinguished one from another by differentcolor codings, for example: play area a may be coded yellow as indicatedat y, area b-blue as indicated at z, area c-orange as indicated at o andarea d-green as indicated at x. The selection of color codings isarbitrary. However, some thought should be given to the selection ofcolors to avoid difficulty in distinguishing same by persons who arecolor blind. The substantially confronting faces 4l-45 of each pair orset of fins 34-39, that is the fins to the left and right hand sides ofany given play area, are the same color as the interjacent play areawhen color coding is used. When color coding is used, it is alsopreferable that the surfaces of the inclined edges 47 of the fins havethe same color as the play area to its right.

The steps 28-33 formed by the setback and vertical walls of stackedplatforms 2126 and pyramid 27 are numbered I-VI, which numbers appear onthe fin faces. The vertical wall of platform 21 is divided into fourteenconsecutively numbered areas, from left to right, by vertical lines 46printed or otherwise provided thereon leaving unnumbered areas to theleft and right ends of the numbered wall areas. The vertical walls ofsucceeding platforms 2246 are similarly numbered except that wall areasof platforms 22-26 are numbered, respectively, 1 through 12, 1 through10, 1 through 8, 1 through 6, and 1 through 4, from left to right.

Horizontal step 28 of platform 21 is also divided into fourteen steppedareas by horizontal lines 56 drawn from the top end of the aforesaidvertical lines 46 and along the exposed portion of the surface of step28. The steps of succeeding platforms 22-26 are similarly divided intostepped areas. It will be noted that each of the formed stepped areas ofa given platform is in alignment with a numbered area of the verticalwall of its platform.

Consequently there are as many stepped areas as there are numberedvertical areas for any given platform. Each stepped area is numberedwith digits 1 to 6 selected in a predetermined manner. Triangular shapedunnumbered areas appear adjacent correlated fin faces 40-45 at the leftend and at the right end of the numbered stepped areas of each platform.The sequence in which the stepped areas are numbered, that is to say,the method employed in selecting the number assigned to the particularstepped area will determine the quantity and nature of the paths oftravel available for selection by persons playing the numerous gamesafforded by pyramid 20 as one progresses from one platform step to thenext. A further discussion of this will appear hereinafter.

In addition to the numbers appearing on the horizontal stepped areas,these areas are also lettered with symbols P, Y, R, A, M, I wherein theletter P appears in the same stepped area provided with the digit 1. Theremaining letters are associated with the other digits as follows: theletter Y appears with number 2; the letter R appears with number 3; theletter A appears with number 4; the letter M appears with number 5; andthe letter I appears-with number 6. The inclined faces 55 of top pyramid27 are marked with the letter D. The fifty-four numbered stepped areasof each of the four playing areas contain a hole 48 for receiving aplaying peg 49. In addition, each inclined surface 55 of top pyramid 27also contains a hole 48 for insertion of playing peg 49.

In using the apparatus, platform 21 and the top mounted pyramid 27remain stationary, whereas platforms 22-26 are turnable about a verticalaxis either clockwise or counterclockwise. When the turnable platforms22-26 are repositioned in their new positions they should be lined upsquare with each other to reform the right rectangular stepped pyramid20. In turning any one of turnable platforms 22-26, the color (if colorcoding is used) of the playing areas will change from its original solidcolor at the start of the game to any variation of the four colors beingemployed. In spite of such turning, it will be noted that the numberingon fins 34 and 39 remains the same since all fins at the same level aresimilarly numbered. It will be understood that sequence of theparticular numbers or symbols given to any row of stepped areas of aparticular platform is not necessarily the same as the sequence ofmarkings applied to another row of stepped areas of the same platform.For example, the stepped areas of the lowest platform 21 as seen in FIG.1, are made up of the following sequence in play area a: Y 2; P 1; I 6;P 1; M 5; etc., whereas an adjacent side, play area d, is markedaccordingly: P l; A 4; P 1; Y 2; etc. Consequently, the permutations ofavailable paths for the players to use in playing a game increasesmanifold by the reason of the fact that platforms 22-26 are turnable soas to allow reforming of a multitude of different arrangements whereinthe aforementioned structure actually provides the players with thepossibility of 4,096 playing areas from which to choose.

As seen in FIGS. 3 and 4, a simple mechanism may be employed tofacilitate turning of platforms 22 through 26. Vertically aligned holes50 are drilled through the center of each platform. Since platform 21 isstationary, it is provided with a central upright rod 51 provided withpreferably four groove slots 52 extending along the length of rod 51.The top of rod 51 is preferably threaded at 53 to which top pyramid 27,also adapted not to turn in playing of a game, is threadedly secured.Each turnable platform 22-26 may be provided with an extensible andretractable spring actuated ball member 54 suitably positioned andsecured from the walls of the platform holes 50 to extend radially inorder to engage a correlated groove 52 of rod 51. When a turnableplatform is revolved, ball member 54 thereof will snap out of thecorrelated engaged groove 52 as its spring depresses; thereafter eachball member 54 Will roll along rod 51 until it falls into the nextgroove 52. Ball members 54 releasably lock the turnable platforms 22-26in desirable position, but require no more than a slight turning forceto any one of the fins, clockwise or counter clockwise, to rotate thecorrelated platform.

Use of pyramid apparatus for a game now will be illustrated. Pyramidapparatus 20 may be employed by one to four or more players. .If fourplayers are available, each player will select a playing area a, b, c,or d by any one of many ways. If there are more than four players, it ispreferable that there be no more than two on a team for each playingarea. Play requires dice; standard six-sided dice may be used whereinthe die side marked represents the letter P. The sides marked (K a I 0represent, respectively, Y, R, A, M, and I. As an alternative, the gameapparatus may be supplied with dice marked with the letters P, Y, R, A,M, I in lieu of standard die markings. The rule of the illustrated gamerequires that all players simultaneously throw a die. The

first player to throw a P (or may choose his playing area and select hispath therein by choosing a stepped area of the lowest platform step 28with P into which area he places his peg. The pegs may be color coded todistinguish one from another. Since there are several paths in eachplaying area, the player should carefully examine the playing area heselects and prudently choose the path he believes best to follow. Oncehaving started by pegging in a selected area he cannot change. Onsucceeding throws the other players must throw a P in order to advanceto their respective first steps. On the other hand, the player alreadypegged in his first step has to throw a Y to advance to his second step.Wherein upon successfully throwing a Y, he proceeds to the secondplatform step 29, but the Y square selected on step 29 must bevertically in line with the P of step 28 or diagonally to its right orleft. On the next successful throw in order to advance to the third step30, the player must throw an R, and then an A to advance to the fourthstep 31, an M to the fifth step 32, and an I to the sixth step 33. Ineach instance, in order to advance to the next succeeding step, thestepped area required for such advancement must be vertically in line ordiagonally either to its right or left of the pegged area on theplatform from which the player is advancing. To reach the letter D toppyramid 27, the dice must be thrown such that each die comes up with aletter I or its equivalent. The game can be modified in numerousrespects, for example, the game can be prearranged to end when the firstplayer reaches the top and pegs in at D. To make the game longer andinteresting, the game may continue until a player returns to groundlevel. To do so, the player arriving at D next must throw an I todescend to an I area on the sixth platform from his pegged position inD. For further variations of play, the players may choose the same paththey used in ascent or the game may be again varied by requiring theplayers to use a different path for descent. The throwing of the die fordescent proceeds as for the upward climb but in reverse order.

For the purpose of playing the foregoing described game or any of themany other games playable with pyramid apparatus 20, the letters and/ ornumbers applied to the stepped areas may be selected by mathematicalprocedures, and the selection and arrangement of the stepped areaindicia may be such that each of the four playing areas will alwaysprovide one or more paths for the players to follow in ascent to toppyramid 27 and descent to the bottom platform 21. The mathematics forsolving the combination of digits 1 through 6, or letters P through I asthe correlated indicia, for the stepped areas is not necessary to theunderstanding of the claimed invention. Suffice to say that there aregenerally three methods for mathematically predetermining thecombinations of digits 1 to 6 and letters P to I for the disclosedapparatus. One method will provide play areas with a large number ofpaths from the bottom platform to the top for every play area whereincertain of the paths terminate or dead end before the top is reached.The dead end paths introduce an extra challenge to the players in sometypes of games. A second method differs from the first only in that thedead end paths are eliminated entirely. A third method will produce anarrangement in which the majority of paths terminate before the top orbottom platform is reached, depending upon whether the paths start fromthe top or the bottom platform so as to leave only a few paths of travelfrom the starting point to the finish.

It will be understood that the game apparatus 20 may be used fornumerous other games of diverse variations playable by one or moreplayers. The games may be devised by the players themselves or set forthin instructions accompanying game apparatus 20. As an example of anothergame wherein standard dice may be used, the Roman numerals I-VI on thefin faces serve as indicia. As before, the player first entitled to pegin must throw a which allows him to select his play area and the steppedarea of its step 28 as indicated by fin face I. In order to advance tothe second step 29 as indicated by fin face II, the player must throwthe to advance to the third step he must throw a at n and so on untiltop pyramid 2.7 as indicated by fin face VI is reached. The game may bevaried in many respects by requiring the player to start off at theright end or left end of the playing area, that is to say a stepped areaimmediately adjacent the fin faces and upon advancing to the next stepto move diagonally no more than one or two stepped areas or as otherwisespecified by the rule of the game.

The arabic numbers along the vertical walls of stepped platforms 21-26will assist the players in keeping track of their respective moves aseach player pegs into his selected stepped area. The players may trackthe moves of their opponents by noting the correlated vertical wallnumbers and its color so that the score of any player may be checkedeven though during play, any one or more of the platforms 22-26 havebeen turned.

It will be understood that right rectangular pyramid 20 may be modifiedin structure for example, the platforms may be five-sided, six-sided ortake on any other division of a pyramid without departing from thespirit of the invention. In addition, the game apparatus may be modifiedas shown in FIGS. 5 and 6. In this instance, the game apparatus may beprinted on a flat four-sided square board 60 made of wood, cardboard orpaper. Diagonal lines 61 from the four corners of the board separate thefour playing areas a, b, c, d wherein each side of board 60 is a baseline for a respective triangular play area. Horizontal and verticallines 62 define'successive rows of stepped areas for each playing area.Each stepped area is numbered and identified by letters P, Y, R, A, M, Ias noted hereinbefore. If a thick board is used, each stepped area maybe provided with hole 48 to receive pegs 49. The apex region of eachplaying area is symbolized by the letter D and also may be provided withhole 48. If board 60 is made of paper, each player may use a differentcolor crayon to allow the players to track their respective moves, whichpaper board may be discarded upon completion of a game.

Another structural variation of game apparatus is shown in FIGS. 7 and 8wherein the play area consists of a single rectangularly shaped flatboard 70 of suitable material. The stepped areas and apex area D of theplay area are defined by horizontal and vertical lines 62 as notedhereinbefore with respect to the embodiment of FIG. 5. The apex area isprovided with a hole '71. Board 70 is adapted to slidably rest on arelatively square shaped frame 72 having a central upright rod 73extending through hole 71. The one playing area of this embodiment isused by all the players and the position of each player may bedistinguished by a different colored peg or if the board is made ofslate each player may use a different color chalk. Board 70 will beturned about the axis of rod 73 so that its base line 75 coincides withthe next of the four sides of frame 72 so that in turn it confronts eachplayer for his respective move.

Another structural variation of game apparatus is shown in FIGS. 9, and11. Game apparatus 80 is made up of a plurality of four-sided stackedplatforms 81 to 86 provided with opposed top and bottom surface areas ofpredetermined dimensions such that successive platforms from bottom totop are progressively smaller in area to form setback steps 88a to 88fupon advancing from one platform to the next. Lines 89-90 in cooperationwith the edges of each platform mark out the various stepped areas onthe setback steps of platforms 81-36 as described hereinbefore. Eachstepped area is distinguished by indicia markings 95 as notedhereinbefore to provide the stepped areas to be selected by a playerupon progressing from one platform step to the next as part of a game.Top platform 86 has diagonal lines 87 in the central portion providingareas corresponding to the pyramid areas represented by letter D in theforegoing embodiments. Platforms 82 through 86 are turnable by beingprovided with aligned central through bores to permit mounting overupright column 91 extending integrally from lower platform 81. Thebottom of column 91 may be flanged at 92 and thus fastened or otherwiseglued to a recessed groove in platform 81. Upon stacking platforms81-86, the top end of column 91 may be flanged at 93, rivet fashion, toprevent separation of the platforms but with clearance so as not to bindsame against turning any one of the individual platforms 82 through 86.To facilitate holding platforms 82-86 in desired alignment, detents 94are provided in platforms 81-86 wherein the anterior and posteriorsurfaces thereof register when the platforms are aligned. A slightturning force applied to any of the turnable platforms will permitrepositioning same. Platforms 81-86 may be of any suitable material suchas relatively thin cardboard, wood, slate, and if desirable color coded.In addition, platforms 81-86 may be provided with holes such as 48 shownhereinbefore to receive playing pegs 49. In lieu of pegs, the playersmay use colored chalk to mark and trace their paths of play whichmarkings may be erased or washed away after use when platforms 81-86 aremade of Wood or other suitable material.

Since many changes could be made in the above construction and manyapparently widely different embodiments of this invention could be madewithout departing from the scope thereof, it is intended that all mattercontained in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawingsshall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.

What is claimed is: I

1. Game apparatus comprising, a plurality of stacked platforms havingvertical walls and also having opposed top and bottom surface areas ofpredetermined dimensions, the surface areas of successive platforms frombottom to top being progressively smaller to form setback steps uponadvancing from one platform to the next, a pyramid mounted on the topplatform and having a peripheral base of predetermined dimensions withrespect to the area of the top platform to form a right rectangularpyramid with said stacked platforms, a fin mounted at each platformcorner, adjacent ones of said fins defining sets of fins whereininterjacent vertical walls and setback steps in combination with acorrelated side of said top pyramid form individual play areas, meansrotatably mounting any one of said platforms except for the lowestplatform about a vertical axis with respect to the other platformswherein any of said rotatable platforms may be revolved and thenrepositioned to reform the right rectangular pyramid, means along saidsetback steps for dividing said setback steps into individual steppedareas, and indicia for distinguishing any one of such stepped areas fromanother and providing a sequence of stepped areas to be selected by aplayer upon progressing from one platform step to another as part of agame.

2. Apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein, said stacked platformsexcept for the lowest platform are provided with aligned central throughbores, said mounting means comprising a rod extending integrally andupright from said lowest platform and through said bores, said toppyramid having an underneath side contiguous with said top platform andalso having an opening extending inwardly from said underneath side formounting over the top end of said rod.

3. Game apparatus comprising, a plurality of stacked four-sidedplatformshaving vertical walls of predetermined height and also havingopposed top and bottom surface areas of predetermined dimensions, thesurface areas of successive platforms from bottom to top beingprogressively smaller to form setback steps upon advancing from oneplatform to the next, a pyramid mounted on the top platform and having afour-sided peripheral base of predetermined dimension with respect tothe area of the top platform to form with said stacked platforms a rightrectangular pyramid, a fin mounted at each platform corner and havingupright faces substantially aligned with diagonal lines along theplatform surfaces, adjacent ones of said fins having substantiallyjuxtaposed faces wherein the interjacent vertical walls and setbacksteps in combination with a correlated side of said top pyramid formindividual play areas, means for rotatably mounting any one of saidplatforms except for the lowest platform about a central vertical axiswith respect to the other platforms wherein any of said rotatablymounted platforms may be revolved and then repositioned to reform theright rectangular pyramid, spaced lines along said setback steps of eachplaying area, said lines dividing said setback steps into individualstepped areas, and indicia for individually identifying such areas andproviding a sequence of stepped areas to be selected by a player uponprogressing from one platform step to another as part of a game.

4. An apparatus as defined in claim 3 further comprising, meansincluding indicia along the vertical walls of each platform for dividingsaid vertical walls into individually numbered areas, the verticallynumbered areas of a given platform being the same in quantity as thestepped areas possessed by said platform, and each numbered area of agiven platform being in alignment with a correlated stepped area of saidplatform.

5. Apparatus as defined in claim 3 wherein, each playing area andincluding the juxtaposed fin faces to the left and to the right of thegiven playing area is provided with a color code different than thecolor of the other playing areas so as to distinguish one playing areafrom another for at least one formation of the right rectangularpyramid.

6. Apparatus as defined in claim 3 wherein, said stacked platformsexcept for the lowest platform are provided with aligned central throughbores, said mounting means comprising a rod extending integrally andupright from said lowest platform and through said bores, said toppyramid having an opened underneath side for mounting over the top endof said rod, a plurality of grooves extending axially along said rod, aretractable and extensible spring biased ball member carried byindividual ones of said rotatably mounted platforms and adapted toengage respective ones of said grooves when said game apparatus isformed as a right rectangular pyramid, said ball members beingcharacterized by releasably holding said rotatably mounted platforms inright rectangular pyramid formation and permitting the rotating of anyone of said rotatably mounted platforms, each ball member being adaptedto roll out of an engaged groove and along the surface of said rod toengage a succeeding groove upon the rotating of a correlated platform asit is being repositioned to reform the right rectangular pyramid, andthe engaging portions of the top end of said rod and top pyramid openingbeing threaded wherein said top pyramid and lowest platform arerelatively stationary.

7. Game apparatus comprising, a plurality of four-sided stackedplatforms having opposed top and bottom surface areas of predetermineddimensions, the surface areas of successive platforms from bottom to topbeing progressively smaller to form setback steps upon advancing fromone platform to the next, means rotatably mounting any one of theplatforms except the lowest platform about a vertical axis with respectto the other platforms wherein any one of said rotatable platforms maybe revolved and then repositioned with the edges thereof aligned withthe edges of the other platforms, means along said setback steps fordividing said setback steps into individual stepped areas, and indiciafor distinguishing any one of such stepped areas from another andproviding a sequence of stepped areas to be selected by a player uponprogressing from one platform step to another as part of a game.

8. Apparatus as defined in claim 7 wherein, said stacked platformsexcept for the lowest platform are provided with aligned central throughbores, said mounting means comprising, a rod extending integrally andupright from said lowest platform and through said bores, and means atthe top of said rod maintaining said pi atforms stacked one on theother.

9. Game apparatus comprising a plurality of stacked platforms havingvertical side walls and opposed top and bottom surface areas ofpreselected dimensions, means rotatably mounting the platforms in commonexcept for the lowest platform about a vertical central axis, saidstacked platforms forming at least one playing area substantiallytriangular in shape having a base line in predetermined relationshipwith the sidewalls of said platforms, mews defining successive rows ofsteps in said playing area, said rows being parallel to said base line,means generally transverse to said base line for dividing each row ofsteps into a plurality of separate and distinct rectangular steppedsections, indicia for individually identifying said stepped sections andproviding a sequence of stepped sections to be selected by a player uponprogressing from one row of steps to the next row of steps as part of agame and substantially aligned means along opposed sides of said playingarea with respect to said base line and extending from said base lineand converging toward said vertical central axis forming the apex ofsaid playing area to provide successive rows of steps in said playingarea with progressively less stepped sections in advancing from saidbase line toward said apex, each of said stepped sections having a holeto receive a peg to identify the position of a player at any time duringa game, said rotatably mounted platforms being revolvable to repositionthe base line relative to the side walls of said platforms in accordancewith the rules of the game.

10. The invention as defined in claim 9 wherein said stacked platformscomprise two platforms, the upper platform being formed of atriangularly shaped board whose base line is the base line of saidplaying area, said lowermost stationary platform being formed of asubstantially square frame having four sides wherein any one of saidsides is adapted to coincide substantially with said base line, andwherein said rotatable mounting means includes an upright rod extendingfrom said lower platform into a recess opening in the apex portion ofsaid triangularly shaped board whereby said triangular board may berotated from one position to another where, for any one position, saidbase line substantially coincides with a side of said frame.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS766,118 Saunders July 26, 1904 1,119,870 Pettit Dec. 8, 1914 1,295,993Kleissl Mar. 4, 1919 1,627,501 Goldthorpe May 2, 1927 2,199,745 HarrisMay 7, 1940 2,215,696 Graves Sept. 24, 1940 2,595,938 Grant May 6, 19522,729,451 Larson Ian. 3, 1956 2,839,842 Keyko June 24, 1958 FOREIGNPATENTS 143,032 Great Britain May 20, 1920

